316L stainless steel is a widely used stainless steel material

The main chemical components include iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), molybdenum (Mo), and small amounts of carbon (C), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si).

• Chromium content: approximately 16%-18%
• Nickel content: 10%-14%
• Molybdenum content: approximately 2%-3%
• Carbon content: generally limited to less than 0.03%. This lower carbon content is a key feature that distinguishes it from ordinary 316 stainless steel, making it more resistant to intergranular corrosion after hot working processes such as welding.

• Density: Approximately 7.98 g/cm³. This density is a factor to consider when estimating material weight and in certain weight-sensitive applications.
• Melting Point: Roughly between 1375°C and 1450°C. This melting point range influences the process parameters for hot working processes.
• Thermal Conductivity: Relatively low, meaning it has a poor heat conduction capability. This offers advantages in applications requiring insulation or controlled heat transfer.
• Coefficient of Linear Expansion: Values ​​vary within a certain temperature range. In environments subject to significant temperature fluctuations, the impact of dimensional changes due to thermal expansion and contraction must be considered.

• Tensile Strength: Typically above 480 MPa, demonstrating the ability to withstand certain tensile forces and meeting the basic load-bearing requirements of many common structural components.
• Yield Strength: Approximately 177 MPa. This indicator reflects the stress at which the material begins to undergo plastic deformation and is critical for determining its stability and deformation under load.
• Elongation: Generally reaching around 40%. A higher elongation demonstrates good plasticity, allowing for greater flexibility during cold forming operations such as bending and stretching, and better adaptability to potential deformation.
• Hardness: Common hardness values ​​fall within a certain range. Different processing and heat treatment conditions will cause variations in hardness, which affects wear resistance and ease of processing.

• General Corrosion Resistance: The presence of chromium enables the surface to form a dense passivation film, effectively resisting corrosion in common media such as atmospheric and freshwater environments, maintaining the material's appearance and performance.
• Acid and Alkali Corrosion Resistance: It exhibits good corrosion resistance in some weaker acid and alkali solutions, such as organic acids and low-concentration inorganic acids used in the food processing industry. It also exhibits good resistance to alkaline solutions, making it suitable for use in various industries, including the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
• Chloride Ion Corrosion Resistance: Compared to some common stainless steels, it has a certain degree of resistance to chloride ions. However, pitting and crevice corrosion may occur under harsh conditions such as high chloride ion concentrations and high temperatures. Overall, it meets the requirements for use in common chloride ion-containing environments (such as domestic water and some industrial water).

• Hot Working: The heating temperature range is generally between 1150°C and 1200°C. Hot working operations such as forging and rolling are relatively easy within this range. However, careful control of parameters such as processing speed and deformation is crucial to achieve good processing quality and avoid defects such as overheating and cracking.
• Cold Working: The material exhibits good cold working capabilities and is suitable for processes such as cold bending, cold rolling, and cold drawing. However, as the degree of cold working deformation increases, the material will experience work hardening, requiring intermediate annealing to restore its plasticity and facilitate subsequent processing.
• Welding Performance: The material exhibits excellent weldability and can be welded using a variety of methods, including arc welding and argon arc welding. Due to its low carbon content, the risk of intergranular corrosion after welding is relatively low. However, it is important to carefully select welding materials and control welding process parameters to ensure the quality of the welded joint.

• Food Processing Industry: Used in the manufacture of food production equipment and storage containers, such as dairy processing equipment and pipe fittings in beverage production lines. Its excellent corrosion resistance and hygienic properties ensure the safety and hygiene of food processing.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: Widely used in pharmaceutical equipment, reactors, and pipelines, meeting the stringent requirements for material purity and corrosion resistance in pharmaceutical production.
• Chemical Industry: Used in the manufacture of chemical equipment and pipelines that do not require extremely high corrosion resistance, handling relatively mild chemical raw materials and products, reducing equipment costs while ensuring normal production operations.
• Medical Device Industry: Commonly used in the manufacture of non-implantable medical devices such as scalpels and surgical instrument trays, leveraging its corrosion resistance, easy cleanability, and strength.
• Architectural Decoration Industry: With its aesthetically pleasing appearance and excellent corrosion resistance, it is often used as a decorative material for building facades, railings, and handrails, enhancing the overall aesthetics and durability of buildings.